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Study Points Toward Relationship Between Cancer Stem Cells And Prognosis In Primary Breast Cancer
Breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy prior to surgery had heightened levels of cancer-initiating stem cells in their bone marrow, and the level of such cells correlated to a tumor"s lymph node involvement, according to research from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Journal For The Sociçİtçİ De Pathologie Exotique To Be Published And Distributed By Springer
As of January 2010, the Bulletin de la Sociçİtçİ de Pathologie Exotique will join Springer"s publishing program. Founded in 1908 by Nobel Laureate Louis-Alphonse Laveran, the society celebrated its centenary last year. It plays a major role in the promotion of health issues and information on tropical pathology.
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Editorial Calls Supreme Court's Pregnancy Leave Decision 'Not Just'
"The Supreme Court keeps finding ways to deny women equal pay and benefits," a New York Times editorial states in response to the court"s 7-2 ruling on Monday that employers are not required to award women credit toward pension benefits for pregnancy leave taken before Congress passed the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act. According to the Times, the ruling reflects reasoning similar to the court"s 2007 decision in which it denied former Goodyear employee Lilly Ledbetter"s "claim for equal pay because it thought she waited too long to file it." In Monday"s decision, the majority "reasoned mainly that the pregnancy leaves predated the 1978 law, and since the law was not retroactive, the discrepancy in benefits was the product of "past completed events that were entirely lawful at the time they occurred,"" the editorial states. It notes that the majority included "two generally reliable votes for equality, Justices John Paul Stevens and David Souter." The editorial continues, "This may sound logical, but it is not just." The editorial says that Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, in writing the dissent, "quite correctly" recognized a company"s "ongoing denial of equal benefits not as past discriminatory behavior that started and ended decades ago, but as a current violation of the act." In a similar way, "Goodyear discriminated against Lilly Ledbetter by maintaining her unequal pay for years, not merely the first time the company underpaid her." The Times calls on Congress to "write corrective legislation" on pregnancy leave (New York Times, 5/21).
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Studying The Effects Of Early Child Abuse: $2.25 Million Grant

This summer, the University of Rochester"s Mt. Hope Family Center will begin a large-scale, comprehensive study of the effects of child abuse. Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, the five-year, $2.25 million research project aims to understand how a complex host of factors - from genetics and family environment to hormonal regulation, personality traits, and brain activity - influence the well-being and mental health of children who have experienced child maltreatment. "What is novel about this study is that it seeks to understand these children from multiple perspectives - neurocognitive, neuroendocrine, and neurophysiological as well as psychological," said Center Research Director Fred Rogosch. "We will obtain very diverse assessments on the same child, providing a holistic view of the multiple ways in which child maltreatment affects development," Rogosch said. "Our focus on what factors support resilience is equally important," Rogosch added. "Many abused children go on to lead productive, well-adjusted lives. Identifying these pathways to success is vital because it says to children and adults that "they are not doomed" by an abusive childhood." Rogosch and Dante Cicchetti, McKnight Presidential Chair and Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota and the former director of the Mt. Hope Family Center from 1984 to 2005, are principal investigators of the study. Research and popular understanding of child abuse have traditionally looked at the psychological and behavioral consequences of maltreatment. For example, the links between early trauma and depression, suicide, substance abuse, and aggression are well documented. But more recent studies show that early trauma often also affects basic biological systems. Abuse during critical developmental years of life can alter gene expression, disrupt normal hormonal responses to stress, and affect brain development. To date, however, studies of these biological consequences have been limited to small groups of abused children, primarily those hospitalized with mental illnesses. This new study involves a large group of 500 children, aged 8 to 10, half of whom have a history of abuse or neglect and all of whom come from low-income backgrounds. Rogosch explained that by selecting participants with similar environments, researchers will be able to differentiate the effects of maltreatment from the general stress of poverty. Participants will attend a weeklong recreational day camp conducted by the center. "The camp setting provides an excellent opportunity to learn from these children," Rogosch explained. The program offers a nurturing environment while at the same time giving staff extended opportunities to get to know the children"s personalities, to evaluate their relationships with peers and parents, and to measure the extent of any mental health symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or disruptive disorders. In terms of biological consequences, researchers will track a variety of physiological responses including brain activity and the regulation of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. The study also will investigate whether specific gene variations are protective against trauma-related psychopathology. Ultimately, these multiple approaches will be integrated into a more holistic understanding of how child abuse affects both physical and mental health. That understanding, according the investigators, can inform prevention and intervention initiatives to improve the lives of traumatized children and impede the development of mental illness later in life. Established in 1979, the Mt. Hope Family Center is recognized internationally for integrating scientific research with evidence-based intervention and prevention services for at-risk children and families. The Center helps Rochester area children and families cope with exposure to violence, trauma, mental illness and maltreatment while at the same time improving treatments for families around the world. Susan Hagen University of Rochester


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